A seed is a product of a fertilized flower. Within the seed is an embryo plant enclosed in a seed coat. The seed also contains food reserves that nourishes the germinating embryo until it is able to feed itself.

Large-scale organic seed production is a relatively new development. There is a limited but increasing range of primarily vegetable seed, which is now available in standard seed companies. There are also companies supplying only organically grown seed. If you cannot find a particular organic seed the next best thing is to buy seed without chemical seed treatment, or you can grow your own seed.

What seeds need- for seeds to germinate successfully moisture, air, and the appropriate temperature is needed. Most prefer to germinate in darkness, although some, especially seeds need exposure to light. The success of the germination process also depends on the vigor of the seed. Fresh seed or seeds stored in the proper conditions germinate more rapidly and produce more vigorous seedlings than old or poorly stored seeds.

Seed can be sown directly into the soil or into a specialty growing medium, such as a seed or Germinating Mix. This will supply the necessary mixture of moisture and air that the seed needs. An appropriate temperature of the soil or growing medium is essential for germination. Seeds have particular requirements, which govern where and when a particular species should be sown.

Depending on the species of plant, both high and low temperatures can inhibit germination. The most temperature sensitive stage in the process is when the seed first absorbs water. Tender crops such as green beans or sweet corn can be permanently damaged if the temperature is too low. Crops such as celery, onions and lettuce can be inhibited if the temperature is too high. Make sure you provide the correct conditions for the species of seeds you are planting. Below is a simple table with the optimum temperature required for germination of some plant species.